Seeing the World Differently: Colour Perception and Dementia

Dementia affects more than memory - it can also change the way a person sees and experiences the world around them. One area that’s often overlooked is colour perception. For someone living with dementia, colours can appear duller, blend together, or even take on different meanings. Understanding this can make a big difference in how safe, comfortable, and independent a person feels in their home or care setting.

Why Does Colour Perception Change?
The brain plays a key role in how we process visual information and damage to the brain can affect depth perception, contrast sensitivity, and colour differentiation. People may begin to struggle with seeing objects clearly, especially if they’re similar in tone or blend into their surroundings.

Dark colours can be seen as holes or obstacles. Shiny surfaces may appear wet or unsafe. Patterns can be confusing or overwhelming. Even something as simple as a white toilet in a white bathroom can become difficult to identify.

Practical Tips to Support Colour Perception. 
Here are some simple, effective ways to use colour and contrast to support someone living with a dementia:

1. Use Strong Contrasts
Choose items that clearly contrast with their surroundings. A red plate on a white tablecloth is easier to see than a white plate on a white surface. This can help improve appetite and confidence at mealtimes.

2. Make Important Objects Stand Out
Use bold colours for things that need to be easily seen like toilet seats, grab rails, light switches, or door frames. 

3. Avoid Confusing Patterns
Busy patterns on carpets, furniture or walls can be disorienting. Stick to plain, contrasting colours where possible, especially on floors and stairs.

4. Beware of Dark or Shiny Surfaces
Dark rugs or mats may be perceived as holes or something to be avoided, causing hesitation or fear. Likewise, shiny floors might look slippery. Use matt finishes and lighter, neutral tones where safe and appropriate.

5. Use Colour to Support Independence
Colour-coding areas can help people navigate their home or care setting more confidently. For example, a red door could signal the bathroom, while a green one leads to the kitchen. This gentle guidance can reduce anxiety and support independence.

Why It Matters
When someone with dementia can’t make sense of their environment, they may become confused, anxious, or distressed. Small changes in colour and contrast can make everyday tasks feel easier, safer, and more familiar.

These are simple but powerful tools!​